How the 1965 war between India and Pakistan came to an end – Firstpost

One of the first and bloodiest conflicts between India and Pakistan came to an end on September 23, 1965. The war, which went on for 17 days, followed a United Nations-brokered ceasefire.

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On this day in 1889, Fusajiro Yamauchi founded the Nintendo company. Originally established as Nintendo Koppai, the firm specialised in making handcrafted hanafuda playing cards, a traditional Japanese game.

Here is all that took place on this day across the world.

The India-Pakistan War of 1965 came to an end

The war of 1965 was one of the first wars after Independence between newly formed India and Pakistan. This war came to an end on September 23, 1965, marking an end to one of the bloodiest conflicts in the region.

The roots of the war lay in
Pakistan’s launch of Operation Gibraltar, a covert infiltration of armed forces into Jammu and Kashmir in August 1965. The aim of Pakistan’s operation was to incite rebellion against Indian rule. India responded with full-scale military action, leading to fierce battles across Kashmir, Punjab, and Rajasthan. Some of the most intense fighting took place in Akhnoor, Lahore, and Khem Karan, where both sides suffered heavy losses.

The war saw thousands of casualties, with each side claiming significant territorial gains, though both ultimately ended up in nearly the same positions as before. Internationally, the conflict attracted wide concern, with both the United States and the Soviet Union pushing for peace to prevent escalation into a larger regional crisis. The United Nations Security Council (Unsc) intervened, passing resolutions that called for an immediate ceasefire.

On September 23, both India and Pakistan accepted the UN call, bringing the war to a halt. The ceasefire was followed by intense diplomatic efforts, culminating in the Tashkent Agreement in January 1966, mediated by Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin, where both sides agreed to withdraw forces and work toward peaceful relations.

Japanese company Nintendo was founded

The Nintendo, a Japanese company that would one day become the powerhouse of entertainment, was founded on this day in 1889 in Kyoto. The now-famous video gaming company began with humble roots in one of Japan’s traditional forms of entertainment – playing cards.

For decades, Nintendo remained focused on cards, but by the mid-20th century, it struggled to grow in a modernising Japan. Under the leadership of Hiroshi Yamauchi, the company began to diversify in the 1960s, experimenting with ventures like taxi services and love hotels, most of which failed. However, its exploration of toys and electronics marked the beginning of a dramatic transformation.

By the 1970s, Nintendo shifted into video gaming, releasing arcade hits like Donkey Kong in 1981, which introduced the world to the character later known as Mario. This laid the foundation for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) in 1983, which not only revolutionised home gaming but also revived a struggling global video game industry after the crash of 1983.

From there, Nintendo became synonymous with gaming innovation. Franchises like Super Mario, The Legend of Zelda, Pokémon, and Metroid defined entire genres. Hardware successes such as the Game Boy, Wii, and the hybrid Nintendo Switch kept the company at the forefront of entertainment for decades.

This Day, That Year

• Jamaican singer Bob Marley performed his last concert in Pennsylvania in 1980.

• In 1932, the kingdoms of  Hejaz and Najd were unified to form the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

With inputs from agencies